DIVING-PAM 全球第一款☆水∏下调制荧光仪
Schreiber教授因发明PAM系列调制叶绿素荧光仪而获得首届国际光合作用协会（ISPR）创新奖
利用DIVING-PAM在海底原位测量澳洲大堡礁珊瑚的光合作用
1983年，WALZ公司首席科学家、德国乌兹堡大学的Ulrich Schreiber教授设计制造了全世界第一台调制荧光仪——PAM-101/102/103，并在植物生理、生态、农学、林学、水生生物学等领域得到广泛应用，出版了大量高水平研究文献。但该仪器比较笨重，不易带到野外。
1992年，Ulrich Schreiber教授设计制造了全世界第一台便携々式调制荧光仪——PAM-2000（现已升级到PAM-2100），在此后十几年中成为全球最畅销的调制荧光仪。 
1996年，WALZ公司在浓缩PAM-2000功能的基础上，设计制造了一台更加方便携带的超便携式调制荧光仪——MINI-PAM。该仪器对PAM-2000的功能进行了浓缩㊣，更加适合野外操作，同时价格也更加便宜。
随着水生植物和珊瑚研究越来越受到重视，人们越来越关注水下原位光合作用研究。为此，1997年，WALZ公司设ξ 计了全世界一台全防水的水下调制叶绿素荧光仪DIVING-PAM。
DIVING-PAM继承了WALZ公司PAM系列调制荧光仪的卐强大功能，可以执行MINI-PAM的所有功能，并可在水下测量PAR、温度和水深等指◤标，是一款强大的水生植物研究工具。
系统描述
DIVING-PAM全世界唯一的一款可以原位研究水下植物（大型海藻、水草、珊瑚、、“藻垫”和附着藻类等）光合作用的仪ω器，可达50米深度。它开创了在现场研究这些植物的光合作⌒用的先河。DIVING-PAM在欧洲、美国、澳洲、日本甚至是南、北极地区都有广泛应用。
DIVING-PAM是由超便携式调制√叶绿素荧光仪MINI-PAM演化而来的，后者已被证明是野外光合作用□ 研究的强大工具。DIVING-PAM的光电元件和操作软件与MINI-PAM相同，但DIVING-PAM的外壳采用了全防水设计，特别适合水下操作。DIVING-PAM的按★键非常灵敏，在水下只需用指尖轻轻一摁即可。主机和样品之间通过非常柔软的光纤连接，有多种特制叶夹可选。
DIVING-PAM的特点在于快速、可靠的测量光合作用光化学能量转换的实际量子产量。此外，DIVING-PAM秉承了WALZ公司PAM系列产品的¤一贯优点，通过应用调制测量光来选择性的测量活体叶绿素荧光。DIVING-PAM的操作非常简单，只需→数秒即可得到灵敏、可靠的结果。
测量光合量子产量只需一个按键（START）操作即可，仪器会自动测量荧光产量（F）和最大荧光（Fm），并计算光合量子产量（Y＝ΔF/Fm），得到的数据会在液晶显示屏上显示同时Ψ自动存储。此外DIVING-PAM还有许多模式（MODE）菜单，包括荧光淬灭分析（qP、qN和NPQ）和记录光响应曲线等，以满足用户的特殊需要。
DIVING-PAM可以存储4000组数据，利用Windows操作软件WinControl可以进行数据▼传输、数据分析和遥控操作。
特点
1）MINI-PAM的水下版
2）精巧、准确、迅速、操作简便的高级光合作用检测设备
3）可单机操作（采用内置电脑），可连接外〖置电脑在岸/船上遥控操作（Windows操作软件WinControl）
4）可在水下50 m工作
5）可测量水←温和水深
6）超便携式设计，带液晶显示屏和8个按键
7）强大的数据收集、分析和◣存贮功能
8）能耗低，内置锂电池可◣满足长时间野外工作需要，并可连接外◇置12 V电池，特别适合野外研究
功能
1）可测荧光诱导曲线并进行淬灭分析（Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, F, Fm, ΔF/Fm’, qP, qN, NPQ, rETR等）
2）可测光响应曲线和快速光曲线（RLC）
3）51个内置模式菜单，方便参数设ω置和标准测量
4）可╳在线监测水生植物、大型海藻、珊瑚、藻垫等的光合作用变化
5）功能强大，特别适合水下操作，可潜水测量，可在岸/船上连接电脑遥√控操作
6）利用WinControl控制时可自编程序
应用领域
国际上研究珊瑚、大型海藻、水草（特别是沉水植物）等的光合作用多采用这台仪器，也有人用于阴雨天气时的高等植物光合作用研究。应用领域包括植物生★理生态学、水生生物学、海洋生物学、潮间带生态学、珊瑚研究、湖泊生态学、环境科学、生态▃毒理学等。
系统组成
① 微型光量子探头适配器，用于水下原位测量PAR。
⑵ 磁性〗样品架DIVING-MLC（可选附件），分上、下两部分，可以靠磁性夹住叶片进行暗适应。上部覆盖㊣带弹性的橡胶皮，中间开一条缝。光纤可从缝中插入，光纤插入后缝自动闭合，不会漏进环境光。
③ 暗适应叶夹△☉DIVING-LC（可选附件），塑料制，重量轻。也可用PAM-2100和MINI-PAM的暗适应叶夹DLC-8代替。
④ 暗适应适配器。光纤可深入暗适应适配器中固定好，测量时放到暗◎适应叶夹DIVING-LC的上部，打开DIVING-LC的滑片『即可。
⑤ 遮光板，装在光适应样品架DIVING-USH的底部，阻挡底部反射光。
⑥ 水下样品架DIVIN-USH
⑦ 全防水设计的主ㄨ机
⑧ 表面︽样品室DIVING-SH(可选附件)，特别适合测量珊瑚时用。改样品室四周有4个带橡皮筋的挂钩，可以牢牢◥固定在凹凸不平的珊瑚表面。
技术参数
测量光：红色发光二极管（LED），650 nm；标准光强0.15 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR；调制频率0.6或20 kHz，自动转换。
光化光：卤素灯，8V/20W，蓝色增强，λ<710 nm，最大连续◣光强6000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR。
饱和脉冲：卤素灯，8V/20W，蓝色增强，λ<710 nm，最大饱和闪光强度18000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR。
信号检测：PIN-光电二极管，带短波截止滤光▲片，λ>710 nm；选择性锁↓相放大器（专利设计）。
数据存储：CMOS RAM 128 KB，可存储4000组数据
测量参数：Fo, Fm, Fm’, F, Fv/Fm(max. Yield), ΔF/Fm’(Yield), qP, qN, NPQ, ETR, PAR和叶温等。
环境温度：-5～＋40℃，在南、北极◣有成功应用。
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