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PORFLOW是一个综合性的CFD工具，由ACRi软件公司开发，用于准确解决涉及瞬态或稳态流体流动，热，盐度和质量传输的多相，可变饱和，多孔或断裂介质中的动态相变等问题。多孔/断裂的介质可︾以是各向异性的，并且可能存在异质的任意来源（注入井或泵井），并且可能发生化学反应或放射性衰变。它适应交替的流体和媒体属性关系以及复杂和任意的边界条件。几何可以是2D或3D，笛卡尔或圆柱形，网格可以是结构化的或非结构化的，为用户提供很大的灵活性。
简而言之，PORFLOW是专门为地↓下水模拟和核废物管理领域的专业人士开发的一款优秀软件。在CFD的意义上，这是一个非▲常有趣的子部分，我们可以在处理流体通过毛孔，裂缝和固体的裂纹时，同时计算从流体到☉固体的传热（反之亦然）。
增强功能摘要『：版本5.50
对于先前版本的5.50版的演变和更改
咨询安排下的自适应网※格的选项
可根据咨询安排提供扩展的网格元素库（HYBRID Elements）
扩展以提供多⌒ 达400个字段变量←（以前为200个）
扩展以解决多达▓200个运输方程式（以前是100个）
扩展为使用DEFIne命令提供多达256个符号变量（以前为128个）
使用FLUX、HISTORY、OUTPUT、PRIN和WRITE命令的更多输▼出选项
用于计算物体和表面上的力和力╱矩的选项
直接输出热通量和质量通量，努赛尔数，切应力，Y+和其他工程量
新命令（CORRELATION）用于计算自动，交叉和两ㄨ点相关
诊断输出得到改进，易用E格式替换汇∮聚索引“****”字段（大值）
在笛卡尔网格◣内输入径向（旋转速度的新选项）
扩展选项以从顶点列☆表中指定边界位置
LOCATE命令的扩展选项定义六面体和多边形对象，基于◥顶点的边界，基于坐标的列表，相关元素，互补曲面和球体
流固耦合移动①对象的小排量
IF_THEN_ELSE元命令可有效管理输入数据可ぷ进行敏感性研究
计算改进，可通过╳基于直接距离的函数更好地插值到面部
Bouyancy有道对流的扩展选项，包括用于Boussinesq逼近的紧凑输入
针对2D问题♀引入了GridLess Computing；GRID命令增强
使用MATRIX ITERATION命令更好地控制矩阵解
LLNL的MPI和HYPRE求解器提供了Parrallel平台接口
新选项的SAVE和WRITE命令，以提供更多的灵活的性，便携性和用户控制
带有ADAPTIVE命令的“自适应网格”选项现在对十六＠ 进制结构化和非结构化网格完全起作用
使用增强☆的CONVERGERNCE命令可以更好地进行收敛控制。选择检查整套动量变量的参考指数收敛性
增强的选项来指●定函数关系的流体性质，如比热，密度和粘度
PORFLOW物理建模▽和详细功能：
单个统计软件工具中的瞬态或稳态，可压缩或不可压缩，饱和，渗流，自由表面或多相流
具有︻离散断裂的非均质各向异性多孔介质
一、二或〓三流阶段
液体或气体（例如∑水或空气）
液△体和气体（例如水和空气）
固体和■液体（例如冰水）
液体，液体◤和气体（例如水+油+空气）
集成热传输
综合盐分运输
具有无限数量的用户定义物种的大规模运输
多ω种反应机理
半条命衰●变
恒定反应速率
再生链衰●变
一阶，二阶或三①阶Arrhenius
无限制的再生
分□ 布与延迟（Kd/Rd）系数
任意一阶，二阶或三阶Arrhenius动力学，带或不带湍流々限制
用户定义的运输方程式和变量的任意数量
空间，时间，相位或用户定义的变量的字段变量，源，边界条件和◆流体/矩阵属性函数，功能强大，这些函数包括：
任意列表，逐步或线性，周期或非☉周期函数
多项式，幂律，指数，正弦或↑对数函数
强大的分析系列功能
用户定义的任意功能
来源：直接，大◥规模注射，溶解度受限，辐射或Arrhenius动力学
表面积或体积的函数来源
时间，空间或任意因变量或用户定义的变量的函数
任何数量的『任意数量和来源混合
边界条件：Dirichlet，Neumann，辐射和其他派生类↘型
许多其他物理现象的子模型
数值方法和矩阵求解器的选择▓
在过去25年中，PORFLOW从简单的流量和热传递数学模型∑ 发展成为综合软件工具，用于分析地质介质中流量，热█量和质量传输的广泛环境应用。它提供了复杂三》维几何，瞬态或稳态流，有限或无约束含水层，完全或部分饱和介▼质，单相或多相系◢统中的流动，热和多种化学物质的耦合运输，以及液体和固相和液相和气相。它已经从一个简单的计算机代码，几个模块和更少的选〖项增长到具有超过300个模块的软件包，以及可以适应几乎任何←用户要求的多功ζ能选项。
PORFLOW已被用来分析盐水侵入淡水含水层和危险废物处理场所的各种问题。
例如：评估几天内含水层的抽水，几年内对废物◣场地的修复，在几十年内废物罐的腐蚀以及♂在几十万年期¤间从核废料中运输污染物的情况。
在此过程中，PORFLOW随着用ぷ户需求的发展而变化。在每个阶段，都保留了软件的灵活性和通用性，同时添加╳了软件来满足用户的需求。
结果，今天的PORFLOW提供了一种灵活的格』式，既不绑定到特定的算法，也不绑定到特定的方法。相反，它提供了促进实验的框架。用户可以更改数值方案，求解方法，矩阵求逆算法或任〓何物理或数学特征。
在PORFLOW的所有功能中，两个值得特别提及：
通过对话◤式FREEFORM?命令语言提供的各种各样的问题；易于使用的应№用程序的通用性。
这些使PORFLOW成为其应用领「域的领先软件。
PORFLOW也通过其用户的多样性与其他计算机模型区分开来。15个country的商业、研究和教育组织正在使用该软件。其用户■包括：
美㊣ 国能源部
美国→地质勘探局
美国核研究委员会
美国科学研究院
Idaho工程实验〓室
Oak Ridge实验室
Savannah River实验室
Battelle太平洋西北实验室
ANDRA（法国）
SCK-CEN（比利时）
加拿大核能公司（加拿大）
Westinghouse
美国航天航空公司
Fluor Daniel
Rockwell
以及大量其他商业组织。目前，有超过100份的出版物和项目报告介绍以PORFLOW为基准进行核查〖和应用。
PORFLOW已被广泛地同行评议过了。Idaho工程实〗验室，巴特尔太平洋西北大学（Battelle Pacific Northwest）和不列颠哥伦比亚大学（University of Brith Columbia）的艾伦·弗雷兹（Allan Freeze）教授已经正式审◎查了PORFLOW或其衍生物。此外，它还经过◥了ANDRA（法国），BAe-SEMA（英国），英国石油（英国），埃克森生产研卐究所，Failure Analysis Associates，Fluor Daniel Inc，法国天然气公司（法国），上汽集团，壳牌公司、石油，SOHIO和Westinghouse Hanford公司。
【英文介绍】
PORFLOW is a comprehensive CFD tool developed by Analytic & Computational Research, Inc., ACRi, to accurately solve problems involving transient or steady state fluid flow, heat, salinity and mass transport in multi-phase, variably saturated, porous or fractured media with dynamic phase change. The porous/fractured media may be anisotropic and heterogeneous, arbitrary sources (injection or pumping wells) may be present and, chemical reactions or radioactive decay may take place. It accommodates alternate fluid and media property relations and complex and arbitrary boundary conditions. The geometry may be 2D or 3D, Cartesian or Cylindrical and the mesh may be structured orunstructured, giving maximum flexibility to the user.
In a nutshell,PORFLOWis developed specifically for professionals in the Ground Water Simulation and Nuclear Waste Management fields. This is a very interesting sub-section of CFD, in the sense that we are dealing with fluid flow through pores, fractures and cracks of a solid body, while calculating the heat transfer from fluid to solid (or vice versa) if needed.
Although it is a very specific field, PORFLOW holds a very strong share in the market. Some high profile users along with the projects that they use PORFLOW in are listed in thePartial List of PORFLOW Users. Among past and present users, Yucca Mountain Project, ANDRA, AECL and Golder and Associates come to mind right away.
Physical Models Built into PORFLOW and Detailed Capabilities:
Transient or Steady state, Compressible or Incompressible, Saturated, Vadose, Free Surface, or Multi-phase flow in a Single Unified Software Tool.
Inhomogeneous, Anisotropic Porous Medium with Discrete Fractures
One, Two or Three Flow Phases
Liquid or Gas (e.g. Water or Air)
Liquid and Gas (e.g. Water and Air)
Solid and Liquid (e.g. Ice-Water)
Liquid, Liquid and Gas (e.g. Water + Oil + Air)
Integrated Thermal Transport
Integrated Salinity Transport
Mass Transport with Unlimited number of User-defined Species
Variety of Reaction Mechanisms
Half Life Decay
Constant reaction rate
Chain Decay with Regeneration
Multi-step 1st, 2nd, or 3rd order Arrhenius
Unrestricted Regeneration
Distribution & Retardation (Kd/Rd) Coefficients
Arbitrary 1st, 2nd or 3rd order Arrhenius Kinetics with or without turbulent limiting
Arbitrary number of User-Defined Transport Equations and Variables
Field Variables, Sources, Boundary Conditions and Fluid/Matrix Properties functions of space, time, phase or user-defined variables by powerful functions which include:
Arbitrary Tabulated, Stepwise or Linear, Periodic or Non-Periodic Functions
Polynomial, Power Law, Exponential, Sinusoidal or Logarithmic Functions
Powerful Analytic Series Functions
Arbitrary User-Defined functions
Sources: Direct, Mass Injection, Solubility Limited, Radiation or Arrhenius Kinetics
Sources that are functions of surface area or volume
Functions of time, space or any dependent or user-defined variable
Any number and mix of sources for any variable
Boundary Conditions: Dirichlet, Neumann, Radiation and other derived types
Sub-models for many otherphysical phenomena.
Choice of Numerical methodsand Matrix Solvers.
During the past 25 years, PORFLOW? has evolved from a simple mathematical model for flow and heat transfer into a comprehensive software tool for analysis of a wide range of environmental applications in flow, heat and mass transport in geologic media. It provides for coupled transport of flow, heat and multiple chemical species in complex three-dimensional geometry, transient or steady-state flow, confined or unconfined aquifers, fully or partially saturated media, single or multiple phase systems, and phase change between liquid and solid and liquid and gaseous phases. It has grown from a simple computer code with few modules and fewer options to a software package with well over 300 modules and a versatile set of options that can accommodate almost any user requirements.
PORFLOW? has been used to analyze problems as diverse as salinity intrusion into fresh water aquifers and remediation of hazardous waste sites. It has been used to evaluate pumping of an aquifer over a period of days, remediation of waste sites over a period of years, corrosion of waste canisters over tens of years, and transport of contaminants from nuclear waste over a time span of hundreds of thousands of years.
In the process, PORFLOW has evolved with the user's needs. At every stage, the flexibility and generality of the software were maintained while options were added to address user requirements. As a result, today PORFLOW provides a flexible format that is bound neither to a specific algorithm, nor to a particular methodology. Rather, it provides a framework that facilitates experimentation. The user can change numerical schemes, solution method, matrix inversion algorithms, or any of the physical or mathematical features.
Of all features of PORFLOW, two deserve special mention: generality of applications over a diverse range of problems, and ease of use provided by the conversational FREEFORM? command language. These have enabled PORFLOW to emerge as leading software in its field of application.
PORFLOW is also distinguished from other computer models by the diversity of its users. Commercial, research and educational organizations in 15 countries are using the software. Among its users are: U.S. DOE, USGS, U.S.NRC, U.S.Army, Southwest Research Institute, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Savannah River Laboratory, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, ANDRA (France), SCK-CEN (Belgium), AECL (Canada), Westinghouse, Lockheed Martin, Fluor Daniel, Rockwell, and a large number of other commercial organizations. Over 100 publications and project reports on the benchmarking, verification and application of PORFLOW are currently available.
PORFLOW has been extensively peer-reviewed. Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Battelle Pacific Northwest, and Prof. Allan Freeze of the University of British Columbia have formmaly reviewed PORFLOW or its derivatives. Additionally, it has been reviewed by ANDRA (France), BAe-SEMA (UK), British Petroleum (UK), Exxon Production Research, Failure Analysis Associates Inc., Fluor Daniel Inc., Gaz de France (France), SAIC, Shell Oil, SOHIO, and Westinghouse Hanford Company.
